全文获取类型
收费全文 | 30814篇 |
免费 | 1252篇 |
国内免费 | 609篇 |
专业分类
财政金融 | 2057篇 |
工业经济 | 1470篇 |
计划管理 | 8379篇 |
经济学 | 4412篇 |
综合类 | 5738篇 |
运输经济 | 253篇 |
旅游经济 | 305篇 |
贸易经济 | 3769篇 |
农业经济 | 2598篇 |
经济概况 | 3693篇 |
信息产业经济 | 1篇 |
出版年
2024年 | 46篇 |
2023年 | 248篇 |
2022年 | 403篇 |
2021年 | 621篇 |
2020年 | 736篇 |
2019年 | 450篇 |
2018年 | 380篇 |
2017年 | 514篇 |
2016年 | 517篇 |
2015年 | 875篇 |
2014年 | 2201篇 |
2013年 | 1872篇 |
2012年 | 2773篇 |
2011年 | 3417篇 |
2010年 | 2611篇 |
2009年 | 2177篇 |
2008年 | 2544篇 |
2007年 | 2345篇 |
2006年 | 2223篇 |
2005年 | 1686篇 |
2004年 | 1256篇 |
2003年 | 878篇 |
2002年 | 567篇 |
2001年 | 476篇 |
2000年 | 337篇 |
1999年 | 179篇 |
1998年 | 79篇 |
1997年 | 69篇 |
1996年 | 47篇 |
1995年 | 20篇 |
1994年 | 33篇 |
1993年 | 25篇 |
1992年 | 20篇 |
1991年 | 8篇 |
1990年 | 11篇 |
1989年 | 8篇 |
1988年 | 1篇 |
1987年 | 3篇 |
1986年 | 4篇 |
1985年 | 4篇 |
1984年 | 5篇 |
1983年 | 3篇 |
1981年 | 3篇 |
排序方式: 共有10000条查询结果,搜索用时 15 毫秒
981.
Over the past 30 years, China has fully exploited its advantage to steadily foster an innovation system for the biomedical industry with Chinese characteristics, that is, ‘Government-guided, resource-integrated and long-term planning.’ The system originated from historically famous ‘863 program’ in the 1980s, evolved with a series of favourable policies in the different periods, and eventually has taken shape in the industrial clusters across the country. It features with a systematic and integrated R&D infrastructure (or public platform) at different levels. In this study, China’s biomedical innovation system will be examined and the leading role of Chinese authorities will be explored from the perspective of Triple Helix theory. As the ‘highland of innovation’, Shanghai case is highlighted with plentiful information gathered from primary sources in the involved agencies for the first time, including the Shanghai Biopharma Service Platform. 相似文献
982.
983.
李青萍 《福建行政学院福建经济管理干部学院学报》2014,(2):44-49
行政审批是政府对市场和社会资源进行配置的前置性管理手段。为了与社会主义市场经济体制相匹配,我国在行政审批改革中设立了减少审批项目、规范审批行为、实现制度创新和推进依法行政的改革目标。但根据力场分析理论,在行政审批制度改革过程中由于对相关主体利益的重新分配造成改革力场中存在驱动力和制约力。通过研究改革中决策者、执行者、受规制者和消费者的利益取向,可以获知驱动力和制约力的强弱,并推算出制度变迁的方向。为了使行政审批制度改革能够顺利推行,还需进一步分析制约力存在的方式并寻求相应的突破策略。 相似文献
984.
Vladislav Valentinov 《Journal of economic issues》2017,51(4):1047-1053
The Luhmannian idea of functional differentiation offers a novel and radical systems-theoretic framework reinforcing the institutionalist vision of the embeddedness of the economic system in the societal and natural environment. Reflecting on Steffen Roth’s article, I formulate two complementary arguments. The first is that any self-organized complexity can be supported by the installation of a systemic boundary protecting it from the outer environment. The second is that this boundary prevents the complexity of the outer environment from being fully translatable into the intra-systemic complexity. Both arguments potentially inform the institutionalist analysis of the operational and moral problems of the economic function system. 相似文献
985.
T. Efole Ewoukem O. Mikolasek J. Aubin M. Tomedi Eyango V. Pouomogne D. Ombredane 《国际农业可持续发展杂志》2017,15(2):208-222
In Sub-Saharan Africa, fish ponds are often an integral part of farming systems but have suffered from a lack of viability and sustainability. The present study aims to understand the strategies used by fish farmers to overcome economic and environmental constraints. In 2008 and 2009, fish farmers were surveyed in Central and Western Cameroon, and the fish production systems were classified by cluster analysis. Four broad types were identified according to the complexity of household operations. The development of extensive systems (large-scale and low-input) in rural areas of central Cameroon is induced mainly by abundant available land. For semi-intensive systems in both regions (small-scale and high-input in the Western Region, large-scale and high-input in peri-urban areas of the Central Region), horizontal integration is not sufficient to make fish production profitable and sustainable. More intensive fish farms tend towards vertical integration, in which farmers establish close links with input suppliers. Main causes of low productivity of semi-intensive systems (1–2?t/ha/yr) are both lack of knowledge of fish farming principles by farmers and lack of technical improvement by extension agents and researchers which need to consider the local complexity of farming systems to develop and intensify fish production. The adaptation of development strategies to socio-economic and environmental contexts is a necessity to hope for an increase in fish pond aquaculture production in Africa. 相似文献
986.
四川秦巴山区是我国连片贫困地区之一,在国家扶贫攻坚政策背景下,对四川秦巴山区人居环境进行评价具有重要意义。在归纳国内城市人居环境评价指标体系的基础上,提出建立四川秦巴山区人居环境评价的原则、指标以及评价方法。运用AHP层次分析法,从居住建设、生态环境和社会经济三大方面提出了26个单项指标,在区县层面对人居环境的建设水平和满意度两方面进行了对比评价,得出四川秦巴山区人居环境整体处于中等偏下水平,其中居住建设和社会经济因素得分较低,生态环境因素得分较高。评价结论可以为四川秦巴山区后续人居环境建设提供科学依据,为贫困地区人居环境评价提供参考。 相似文献
987.
We quantify the impact of jointly optimizing strategic network design and tactical inventory planning on the cost and CO2 emissions of multi-echelon logistics networks. The obtained insights indicate that longer optimized replenishment cycles reduce a node’s transportation cost and CO2 emissions but increase its inventory costs. Moreover, under a fixed replenishment cycle, a node’s service level increases when supplied by a satellite warehouse. Finally: (i) the costs of implementing optimal green network design decisions could be misleading if inventory planning is neglected, (ii) greening of supply chains could become expensive, (iii) current legislative CO2 ton prices hardly influence logistics networks. 相似文献
988.
This study analyzes the Taiwan travel and tourism (T&T) market cycle. According to data of the weighted Taiwan tourism stock index from January 1997 to August 2015, the two-period Markov regime-switching model identifies two distinct regimes of the T&T cycle and incorporates a specific set of mean and variance parameters for each period to control for the structural changes in Taiwan's T&T market. The effect of China visitor arrivals to Taiwan on the T&T market is also verified. The empirical findings offer essential information and policy implications for Taiwan's government tourism policymakers and business managers. 相似文献
989.
龚伟 《广西财经学院学报》2014,(6)
税法中的公平分为短期公平和长期公平,以房产税法为例,满足短期公平未必不是对长期公平的扭曲。由于我国一直以来存在的土地制度、城镇住房结构以及地区发展不平衡等因素均能在时间效应上影响到房产税的长期公平,因此房产税改革是一个非常综合和复杂的事项,必须将多项因素纳入考虑的范围,以实现税法的长期公平。 相似文献
990.
常宝莲 《陕西省行政学院陕西省经济管理干部学院学报》2014,(1):113-116
英美法系的展示性证据是一种有形证据,但不是一种实际存在的证据或事实,而是一种解说性证据,或者说律师用来提高举证说服力的证明方法。在法庭中使用展示性证据可以使自己的思想更容易被审理者理解和接受,尤其当涉及复杂的、技术性、科学性、数值性的案件。展示性证据包括图表、照片、摘要、模型、录像资料、事件的重建和演示等类型。展示性证据在开场陈述和结案陈词中都被律师广泛运用。 相似文献